Equity in education for all Americans remains a goal that we must strive to reach.
High School Completion Rate
The high school completion rate for African Americans increased from 68 percent to 76 percent over the past 20 years, while the rate for Hispanics has risen more slowly, from 55 percent to 59 percent.Strikingly, the high school completion rate for Hispanic men rose by only 1 percentage point in the past two decades, while the rate for Hispanic women grew from 57 percent to 65 percent.
College Participation and Educational Attainment
Since 1978-80, the college participation rate increased by 14 percentage points for whites, 11 percentage points for African Americans, and 5 percentage points for Hispanics.African-American women remain much more likely than their male counterparts to participate in higher education. Two decades ago, 30 percent of African-American male high school graduates ages 18 to 24 were enrolled in college, compared with 28.4 percent of similar African-American women. Two decades later, 37 percent of African-American men were enrolled in college, compared with 42 percent of African-American women.For Hispanics, the college participation findings are dramatic. In 1978-80, 31.5 percent of Hispanic male high school graduates ages 18 to 24 participated in higher education, compared with 27 percent for Hispanic women. Twenty years later, the college participation rate for Hispanic males remained at 31 percent, but among Hispanic women, the number grew by 10 percentage points to 37 percent.
College Enrollment
Total college enrollment grew steadily during the past 20 years by more than 3 million students, a nearly 27 percent increase.College enrollment among Hispanics and Asian Americans more than tripled from 1980-81 to 2000-01. African-American college enrollment grew by 56 percent and among American Indians, college enrollment grew by 80 percent.By 2000-01, women accounted for more than half (59 percent) of the total minority college population. Except for Asian Americans, women made up the majority of college students for each racial/ethnic group.
College Graduation Rates
According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the overall six-year graduation rate for Division I institutions stood at 58 percent in 2001, a 4-percentage-point increase since 1991 and a 2-percentage-point increase since 2000.In 2001, the graduation rate for Asian Americans rose by 5 percentage points since 1991 to 66 percent. Meanwhile, the graduation rate for Hispanics rose by 8 percentage points since 1991 to 49 percent, while the rate for American Indians and African Americans was 41 percent, up by 10 and 8 percentage points, respectively, since 1991.
Degrees Conferred
Students of color showed dramatic increases in degree attainment from 1980-81 to 2000-01. There was a 143 percent increase in associate degrees, a 164 percent increase in bachelor's degrees, and a 180 percent increase in master's degrees.Minorities went from receiving 11 percent of all bachelor's degrees in 1980-81 to earning 22 percent in 2000-01, and from 11 percent to 19 percent of master's degrees.Historically black colleges and Universities (HBCUs) awarded more than 20 percent of all bachelor's degrees earned by African Americans in 2000-01. HBCUs conferred 25,090 bachelor degrees during that academic year.
Degrees Conferred by Field
The number of education bachelor's degrees earned by minorities declined in the 1980s, but rebounded in the 1990s by 52 percent to yield a 9 percent growth rate between 1980-81 and 2000-01. However, the total number of bachelor's degrees awarded in education to all students declined by 2.5 percent because of a decline among whites during the 20-year period.The greatest growth in the past 20 years in bachelor's degrees among minorities occurred in business, which rose by 182 percent. During this same period, minority women increased their number of master's degrees in business by a staggering 670.5 percent, from 1,500 to 11,500. Men earning master's degrees in business grew a notable 230 percent, from 3,500 to 11,600 during the same period.
First-Professional and Doctoral Degrees
Minorities were responsible for all of the growth in the last 20 years in the number of professional and doctoral degrees awarded. Minorities earned three times as many professional degrees and just over twice as many doctorates in 2000-01 as they did in 1980-81.Women experienced substantial gains in professional degrees and doctorates earned during the past 20 years. By 2000-01, minority women earned the majority of professional degrees and doctorates among minorities.
Employment Trends
Minority faculty members have experienced steady growth during the past two decades, more than doubling their numbers to over 82,000 and increasing their share of total faculty positions from about 9 percent to 14.4 percent. Among full professors, minority representation more than doubled in the past 20 years, rising from about 7,600 to nearly 17,000. Whites, however, still hold more than 89 percent of the highest academic posts.Since 1993, the number of minority presidents increased by 78 positions, or 23.5 percent. The largest growth at the presidential level occurred among Hispanics--42.2 percent or 43 positions.
| The facts from ACENET's "Minority College Enrollment Surges Over the Past Two Decades; Students of Color Still Lag Behind Whites in College Participation"
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on October 9, 2003 2:39 AM
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